What are APFC solutions and TCSCs?

Advanced Power Flow Control (APFC) refers to modular power electronics-based devices that belong to the FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems) family. These solutions dynamically control power flows on transmission and distribution grids by changing the reactance of the line in real-time. APFC devices include SmartValve™, a modular, single-phase, voltage-agnostic Static Synchronous Series Compensator (m-SSSC) that can be easily scaled or relocated as network needs evolve. These devices enable utilities to efficiently manage congestion, enhance grid resilience, and optimize power transfer with precision. APFC technology is particularly valuable in modern power networks where adaptability and efficiency are crucial for managing dynamic load flows and grid variability.

Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs) are another type of FACTS device used for power flow control. They function by adjusting the effective series reactance of a transmission line using a thyristor-controlled reactor connected in parallel with a series capacitor. While TCSCs provide variable series compensation, they are mostly used to reduce line reactance. Although they can theoretically increase it in certain operating modes, this is rarely implemented in practice due to cost and complexity. TCSCs have historically been utilized to improve transient and voltage stability and damp power oscillations, making them an important solution for enhancing system reliability. However, their fixed design and site-specific nature tend to make them less versatile than APFC solutions in addressing evolving grid demands. 

While APFC and TCSC both offer power flow control capabilities, they have distinct differences. APFC provides greater flexibility, real-time controllability, and ease of deployment, making it particularly well-suited for modern power grid challenges. Unlike TCSC, which is primarily designed for stability improvements  and capacitive controllability, APFC allows utilities to manage congestion, balance line loading, by the provision of capacitive and inductive controllability, and respond dynamically to real-time grid conditions.

APFC offers several key advantages, including:

• Scalability and adaptability – Modular design enables incremental expansion and redeployment as network needs change.
• Real-time dynamic control – Provides continuous power flow adjustments, improving grid efficiency and flexibility.
• Rapid deployment – Shorter lead times allow utilities to respond to urgent grid issues faster.
• Optimized grid operations – Enhances transmission efficiency, reduces congestion, and supports long-term grid planning.

With these benefits, APFC presents a compelling option for utilities looking to enhance grid reliability and efficiency. To learn more about power flow control solutions and how APFC can improve grid operations, contact us at info@smartwires.com.